Research Articles
Aim & Scope
AIM
Contributing to the development of education and culture for the common good of the society is the primary goal of universities. Producing, developing, and preserving scientific knowledge and passing it on to the future generations stand out as important factors to consider to successfully achieve this goal.
In this context, the Journal, which started its publication life in 2014, has been indexed and abstracted in Emerging Sources Citation Index (web of Science) since 2017 and contributes to both national and international literature.
SCOPE
Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty publishes scientific research articles on the following fields:
Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services
Accounting, Auditing and Accountability
Banking and Insurance
Business Systems in Context
Commercial Services
Finance Studies
Finance and Investment
Human Resources and Industrial Relations
International Trade
Marketing
Strategy, Management and Organisational Behaviour
Transportation, Logistics and Supply Chains
Economics
Applied Economics
Econometrics
Economic Theory
International Economics
Macroeconomics
Microeconomics
Social and Humanities Sciences
Development Studies
International Relations
Policy and Administration
Political Science
Social Policy
Social Work
Commencing from October 2023, our journal exclusively accepts article submissions in the English language. Articles submitted prior to October 2023 will be published in the language in which they were originally submitted.
Writing Rules
Commencing from October 2023, our journal exclusively accepts article submissions in the English language. Articles submitted prior to October 2023 will be published in the language in which they were originally submitted.
Our guidelines are detailed in the GUIDE FOR AUTHORS-PDF file.
Upon initial submission of your manuscript, we request three separate files from you. The first is the FULL TEXT FILE of your manuscript; prepare this file using TEMPLATE. This file should not contain any information that could identify author(s) (such as author names, which project the article was supported by, which institution the article was studied at, which paper/thesis it is derived from, etc.). The second file is the APPLICANT INFORMATION FILE. All information about the author(s) and the article should be included here. The third file is the COPYRIGHT, CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION STATEMENT FORM. You can download all the necessary files from the links below.
(NOTE: For studies that require an Ethics Committee Decision, the Ethics Committee Approval Document should also be included as the fourth file in the application.)
GUIDE FOR AUTHORS (download-PDF)
(Download this PDF file to see detailed writing rules)
FILES TO BE UPLOADED TO THE DERGIPARK SYSTEM DURING THE SUBMISSION PROCESS
FULL TEXT FILE (download-TEMPLATE)
APPLICANT INFORMATION FILE (download)
DECLARATION OF COPYRIGHT, CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION RATE (download)
BASIC RULES
The publication language of the journal is English. Do not add Turkish abstract on your manuscript file.
Only original research articles are published in the journal; review articles, commentaries, translation articles and book reviews are out of the scope of the journal.
An author may submit only one paper per calendar year (this rule also applies to articles with more than one author).
Manuscripts must not have been previously published elsewhere or submitted for consideration for publication elsewhere.
The maximum word limit (excluding references) is 8,000 words.
In order for your manuscript to be considered, it must be prepared using our journal's TEMPLATE.
The template file, which you need to download and adjust your manuscript on, will help you to prepare your article according to the spelling rules of our journal. Prepare your full text file by editing the TEMPLATE.
Important: Some specific sections of the TEMPLATE file are locked for editing. Refrain from attempting to unlock the TEMPLATE file or making any changes in the locked parts of the TEMPLATE (author information, volume/issue number, explanation about the article, etc.).
Manuscripts that do not comply with our writing rules will be rejected without initiating the referee process.
Main text should be written with Times New Roman in 11 pt. You can find different ready-styles from the Styles section under the Home tab in MS Word.
A REMINDER: We would like to remind you that we actively check and scan manuscripts for the use of Artificial Intelligence tools. Please ensure you review the section below regarding the Use of Artificial Intelligence. (If you use an AI tool for generating images or graphics, or for enhancing spelling and grammar, please provide a clear and comprehensive explanation regarding the usage of AI tools in your manuscript.)
COMMON MISTAKES: We've noticed recurring errors on certain issues that can slow down the process. To expedite the pre-evaluation process, please take note of the following:
Bibliography Accuracy: We attach great importance to the bibliography and examine it carefully. Ensure adherence to our citation guidelines.
Italicize relevant sections as required. For article sources, italicize both the journal title and volume number.
Provide DOI numbers in the correct way. FALSE: doi: 10.30798/makuiibf.1097392; TRUE: https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1097392
Do not add any URLs other than DOI in article sources.
Do not add "publisher location" in book sources.
For theses accessed from 'https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/', categorize them as 'unpublished theses'.
Exclude Turkish expressions from the bibliography. For example, use "[Unpublished master's thesis]" rather than "[Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]".
Table Preparation: Follow the guidelines outlined in the GUIDE FOR AUTHORS file for table formatting.
MS Word STYLES (STİLLER) Usage: Utilize the predefined STYLES provided in the TEMPLATE file. Assign the NORMAL style for regular text.
Heading Styles: Ensure the correct style (STİL) is applied to your headings, such as Heading1 for primary headings and Heading2 for secondary headings.
To format your text with shortcuts in the template, you can use these shortcuts:
Normal Text: CTRL+ALT+N
Italic (Italic) Text: CTRL+ALT+T
Bold Text: CTRL+ALT+K
Abstract Title: CTRL+ALT+W
Abstract: CTRL+ALT+L
Keywords: CTRL+ALT+X
Long Quote Text: CTRL+ALT+A
Heading 1: CTRL+ALT+1
Heading 2: CTRL+ALT+2
Heading 3: CTRL+ALT+3
Heading 4: CTRL+ALT+4
Title of Table/Figure etc.: CTRL+ALT+B
Source of Table/Figure etc.: CTRL+ALT+J
10 Points in Table: CTRL+ALT+0 (Zero)
9 Points in Table: CTRL+ALT+9
8 Points in Table: CTRL+ALT+8
- The title of manuscript should not exceed 150 characters including spaces.
- Authors’ names and affiliations should be listed in the Applicant Information file.
- The abstract should not exceed 300 words and should concisely outline the objectives and results of the study.
- Each submission must include 3 to 8 keywords. Keywords should be separated by commas and should not include acronyms. Each keyword should begin with a capital letter.
- Citation and referencing should follow APA 7 rules. The last section of this page shows different examples and details about APA 7 style. Click here for more information and examples of APA 7 rules: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples
- It is important that all information in the APPLICANT INFORMATION FILE is complete and understandable.
- COPYRIGHT, CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION FORM must be signed by all authors, scanned, and uploaded to the system during the submission process. For article submissions with more than one author, this form may be signed and scanned separately by each author and uploaded to the system during the submission process.
Ethics Committee Approval
For studies that require Ethics Committee Approval, Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained, stated in the article, and documented during the submission process.
Therefore, for articles that require ethics committee approval, 4 (four) separate files (1. full text file, 2. applicant information form, 3. Copyright, Conflict of Interest and Author Contribution Rate Declaration Form, 4. document showing ethics committee approval) must be uploaded during the submission.
Since the ethics committee approval document must be obtained from the relevant institutions before the research can be started, our journal does not provide a ready-made form for this purpose.
The types of research that require Ethics Committee Approval are as follows:
● All types of research conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants using survey, interview, focus group study, observation, experiment, interview techniques
● The use of humans and animals (including materials/data) for experimental or other scientific purposes.
● Human clinical trials
● Animal research
● Retrospective studies in accordance with the personal data protection act .
Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Regarding the use of AI in scientific studies, the Journal agrees with COPE’s statement (https://publicationethics.org/cope-position-statements/ai-author) on that manner: “The use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT or Large Language Models in research publications is expanding rapidly. COPE joins organisations, such as WAME and the JAMA Network among others, to state that AI tools cannot be listed as an author of a paper. AI tools cannot meet the requirements for authorship as they cannot take responsibility for the submitted work. As non-legal entities, they cannot assert the presence or absence of conflicts of interest nor manage copyright and license agreements. Authors who use AI tools in the writing of a manuscript, production of images or graphical elements of the paper, or in the collection and analysis of data, must be transparent in disclosing in the Materials and Methods (or similar section) of the paper how the AI tool was used and which tool was used. Authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscript, even those parts produced by an AI tool, and are thus liable for any breach of publication ethics.”
Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty strictly prohibits any section of an article from being authored, either wholly or in part, by Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools. The Journal does not accept manuscripts that are composed, either in part or wholly, utilizing Artificial Intelligence tools.
AI tools may, however, be employed for purposes such as generating images or graphics, enhancing spelling and grammar, and augmenting the overall readability of the article. In such instances, authors are required to provide a clear and comprehensive elucidation regarding the application of AI tools in their work. It is paramount to emphasize that the author(s) bear full responsibility for the authenticity and originality of the content produced.
THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES PRESENT HOW MULTIPLE PUBLICATIONS
SHOULD BE CITED IN THE REFERENCE LIST.
The following examples and notes are from APA's official website.
For more information and details, please visit the link:
A. BOOK/E-BOOK REFERENCES
Use the same formats for both print books and e-books. The basics of the format is shown in the image below.A.1. WHOLE AUTHORED BOOK
• Provide the author, year of publication, title, and publisher of the book. Use the same format for both print books and ebooks.
• Use the copyright date shown on the book’s copyright page as the year of publication in the reference, even if the copyright date is different than the release date.
• Include any edition information in parentheses after the title, without italics.
• If the book includes a DOI, include the DOI in the reference after the publisher name.
• Do not include the publisher location.
• If the ebook without a DOI has a stable URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the book in the reference (as in the Svendsen and Løber example, which is from the iBog database, where ebooks are referred to as “internetbooks”). Do not include the name of the database in the reference.
• If the ebook is from an academic research database and has no DOI or stable URL, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include the name of the database in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book.
• Use the copyright date shown on the book’s copyright page as the year of publication in the reference, even if the copyright date is different than the release date.
• Include any edition information in parentheses after the title, without italics.
• If the book includes a DOI, include the DOI in the reference after the publisher name.
• Do not include the publisher location.
• If the ebook without a DOI has a stable URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the book in the reference (as in the Svendsen and Løber example, which is from the iBog database, where ebooks are referred to as “internetbooks”). Do not include the name of the database in the reference.
• If the ebook is from an academic research database and has no DOI or stable URL, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include the name of the database in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book.
A. 2. WHOLE EDITED BOOK
• Use the abbreviation “(Ed.)” for one editor and the abbreviation “(Eds.)” for multiple editors after the editor names, followed by a period. In the case of multiple editors, include the role once, after all the names.
• Include any edition information in parentheses after the title, without italics.
• If the book includes a DOI, include the DOI in the reference after the publisher name.
• Do not include the publisher location.
• If the ebook without a DOI has a stable URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the book in the reference (as in the Hygum and Pedersen example, which is from the iBog database). Do not include the name of the database in the reference.
• If the e-book is from an academic research database and has no DOI or stable URL, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include the name of the database in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book.
• Include any edition information in parentheses after the title, without italics.
• If the book includes a DOI, include the DOI in the reference after the publisher name.
• Do not include the publisher location.
• If the ebook without a DOI has a stable URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the book in the reference (as in the Hygum and Pedersen example, which is from the iBog database). Do not include the name of the database in the reference.
• If the e-book is from an academic research database and has no DOI or stable URL, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include the name of the database in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book.
A. 3. CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK
Use the same formats for both print and e-book edited book chapters.NOTE: Do not create references for chapters of authored books. Instead, write a reference for the whole authored book and cite the chapter in the text if desired.
Parenthetical citation of a chapter of an authored book: (McEwen & Wills, 2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)
Narrative citation of a chapter of an authored book: McEwen and Wills (2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)
• Use this format for both print and e-book edited book chapters, including edited book chapters from academic research databases.
• If the chapter has a DOI, include the chapter DOI in the reference after the publisher name.
• Do not include the publisher location.
• If a chapter without a DOI has a stable URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the chapter in the reference (as in the Thestrup example, which is from the iBog database). Do not include the name of the database in the reference.
• If the chapter is from an academic research database and has no DOI or stable URL, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include the name of the database in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book chapter.
• Include any edition information in the same parentheses as the page range of the chapter, separated with a comma.
• For e-book chapters without pagination, omit the page range from the reference (as in the Thestrup example).
• If the chapter has a DOI, include the chapter DOI in the reference after the publisher name.
• Do not include the publisher location.
• If a chapter without a DOI has a stable URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the chapter in the reference (as in the Thestrup example, which is from the iBog database). Do not include the name of the database in the reference.
• If the chapter is from an academic research database and has no DOI or stable URL, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include the name of the database in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book chapter.
• Include any edition information in the same parentheses as the page range of the chapter, separated with a comma.
• For e-book chapters without pagination, omit the page range from the reference (as in the Thestrup example).
B. JOURNAL & NEWSPAPER ARTICLE REFERENCES
Use the same formats for both print and electronic journal articles. The basics of the format is shown in the image below.
B. 1. PRINT JOURNAL OR E-JOURNAL ARTICLES
• If a journal article has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference.
• Always include the issue number for a journal article.
• If the journal article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range (for an explanation of why, see the database information page). The reference in this case is the same as for a print journal article.
• Do not include database information in the reference unless the journal article comes from a database that publishes works of limited circulation or original, proprietary content, such as UpToDate.
• If the journal article does not have a DOI but does have a URL that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online journal that is not part of a database), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference.
• Always include the issue number for a journal article.
• If the journal article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range (for an explanation of why, see the database information page). The reference in this case is the same as for a print journal article.
• Do not include database information in the reference unless the journal article comes from a database that publishes works of limited circulation or original, proprietary content, such as UpToDate.
• If the journal article does not have a DOI but does have a URL that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online journal that is not part of a database), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference.
B. 2. JOURNAL ARTICLE WITH MISSING INFORMATION
• If the journal does not use volume, issue, and/or article or page numbers, omit the missing element(s) from the reference.
• If the journal is published quarterly and the month or season (Fall, Winter, Spring, Summer) is noted, include that with the date element; see the Lipscomb example.
• If the volume, issue, and/or article or page numbers have simply not yet been assigned, use the format for an advance online publication (see Example 7 in the Publication Manual) or an in-press article (see Example 8 in the Publication Manual).
• If the journal is published quarterly and the month or season (Fall, Winter, Spring, Summer) is noted, include that with the date element; see the Lipscomb example.
• If the volume, issue, and/or article or page numbers have simply not yet been assigned, use the format for an advance online publication (see Example 7 in the Publication Manual) or an in-press article (see Example 8 in the Publication Manual).
B. 3. NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
• In the source element of the reference, provide at minimum the title of the newspaper in italic title case.
• If the newspaper article is from an online newspaper that has a URL that will resolve for readers (as in the Carey example), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference. If volume, issue, and/or page numbers for the article are missing, omit these elements from the reference.
• If you used a print version of the newspaper article (as in the Harlan example), provide the page or pages of the article after the newspaper title. Do not include the abbreviations “p.” or “pp.” before the page(s).
• If the newspaper article is from an academic research database, provide the title of the newspaper and any volume, issue, and/or page numbers that are available for the article. Do not include database information in the reference. If the article does not have volume, issue, or page numbers available, the reference in this case ends with the title of the newspaper (as in the Stobbe example).
• If the article is from a news website (e.g., CNN, HuffPost)—one that does not have an associated daily or weekly newspaper—use the format for a webpage on a news website instead.
• If the newspaper article is from an online newspaper that has a URL that will resolve for readers (as in the Carey example), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference. If volume, issue, and/or page numbers for the article are missing, omit these elements from the reference.
• If you used a print version of the newspaper article (as in the Harlan example), provide the page or pages of the article after the newspaper title. Do not include the abbreviations “p.” or “pp.” before the page(s).
• If the newspaper article is from an academic research database, provide the title of the newspaper and any volume, issue, and/or page numbers that are available for the article. Do not include database information in the reference. If the article does not have volume, issue, or page numbers available, the reference in this case ends with the title of the newspaper (as in the Stobbe example).
• If the article is from a news website (e.g., CNN, HuffPost)—one that does not have an associated daily or weekly newspaper—use the format for a webpage on a news website instead.
B. 4. MAGAZINE ARTICLE REFERENCES
• If a magazine article has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference (as in the Schaefer and Shapiro example).
• If the magazine article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range (as in the Lyons example). Do not include database information in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print magazine article.
• If the magazine article does not have a DOI but does have a URL that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online magazine that is not part of a database), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference (as in the Schulman example).
• If the magazine article does not have volume, issue, and/or page numbers (e.g., because it is from an online magazine), omit the missing elements from the reference (as in the Schulman example).
• If the magazine article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range (as in the Lyons example). Do not include database information in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print magazine article.
• If the magazine article does not have a DOI but does have a URL that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online magazine that is not part of a database), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference (as in the Schulman example).
• If the magazine article does not have volume, issue, and/or page numbers (e.g., because it is from an online magazine), omit the missing elements from the reference (as in the Schulman example).
C. CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS AND PROCEEDINGS
C. 1. CONFERENCE PRESENTATION
Author, A. (full dates of the conference). Title of the conference [Conference presentation]. Title of the event, Location of the event. URL
• Provide the names of the presenters in the author element of the reference.
• Provide the full dates of the conference in the date element of the reference.
• Describe the presentation in square brackets after the title. The description is flexible (e.g., “[Conference session],” “[Paper presentation],” “[Poster session],” “[Keynote address]”).
• Provide the name of the conference or meeting and its location in the source element of the reference.
• If video of the conference presentation is available, include a link at the end of the reference.
• Provide the full dates of the conference in the date element of the reference.
• Describe the presentation in square brackets after the title. The description is flexible (e.g., “[Conference session],” “[Paper presentation],” “[Poster session],” “[Keynote address]”).
• Provide the name of the conference or meeting and its location in the source element of the reference.
• If video of the conference presentation is available, include a link at the end of the reference.
C. 2. ABSTRACT OF A CONFERENCE PRESENTATION
Author, A. (full dates of the conference). Title of the conference [Conference presentation abstract]. Title of the event, Location of the event. URL
• To cite only the abstract of a conference presentation, include the word “abstract” as part of the bracketed description (e.g., “[Conference presentation abstract]”).
C.3. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS PUBLISHED IN A JOURNAL
Conference proceedings published in a journal follow the same format as journal articles.
C. 4. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS PUBLISHED AS A WHOLE BOOK
Conference proceedings published as a whole book follow the same format as whole edited books.C. 5. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS PUBLISHED AS A BOOK CHAPTER
The format for conference proceedings published as an edited book chapter is the same as for edited book chapters.D. DISSERTATIONS AND THESES
D. 1. PUBLISHED DISSERTATION OR THESIS REFERENCES
Author, A. (Year). Title of the dissertation or thesis (Publication No) [Doctoral dissertation / Master’s thesis]. The name of the database or repository. URL
• A dissertation or thesis is considered published when it is available from a database such as ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global or PDQT Open, an institutional repository, or an archive.
• If the database assigns publication numbers to dissertations and theses, include the publication number in parentheses after the title of the dissertation or thesis without italics.
• Include the description “Doctoral dissertation” or “Master’s thesis” followed by a comma and the name of the institution that awarded the degree. Place this information in square brackets after the dissertation or thesis title and any publication number.
• In the source element of the reference, provide the name of the database, repository, or archive.
• The same format can be adapted for other published theses, including undergraduate theses, by changing the wording of the bracketed description as appropriate (e.g., “Undergraduate honors thesis”).
• Include a URL for the dissertation or thesis if the URL will resolve for readers (as shown in the Miranda and Zambrano-Vazquez examples).
• If the database or archive requires users to log in before they can view the dissertation or thesis, meaning the URL will not work for readers, end the reference with the database name (as in the Kabir example).
• If the database assigns publication numbers to dissertations and theses, include the publication number in parentheses after the title of the dissertation or thesis without italics.
• Include the description “Doctoral dissertation” or “Master’s thesis” followed by a comma and the name of the institution that awarded the degree. Place this information in square brackets after the dissertation or thesis title and any publication number.
• In the source element of the reference, provide the name of the database, repository, or archive.
• The same format can be adapted for other published theses, including undergraduate theses, by changing the wording of the bracketed description as appropriate (e.g., “Undergraduate honors thesis”).
• Include a URL for the dissertation or thesis if the URL will resolve for readers (as shown in the Miranda and Zambrano-Vazquez examples).
• If the database or archive requires users to log in before they can view the dissertation or thesis, meaning the URL will not work for readers, end the reference with the database name (as in the Kabir example).
D. 2. UNPUBLISHED DISSERTATION OR THESIS REFERENCES
Author, A. (Year). Title of the dissertation or thesis [Unpublished doctoral dissertation / Unpublished master’s thesis]. Institution/University name.
• When a dissertation or thesis is unpublished, include the description “[Unpublished doctoral dissertation]” or “[Unpublished master’s thesis]” in square brackets after the dissertation or thesis title.
• In the source element of the reference, provide the name of the institution that awarded the degree.
• The same format can be adapted for other unpublished theses, including undergraduate theses, by changing the wording of the bracketed description as appropriate.
• If you find the dissertation or thesis in a database or in a repository or archive, follow the published dissertation or thesis reference examples.
• In the source element of the reference, provide the name of the institution that awarded the degree.
• The same format can be adapted for other unpublished theses, including undergraduate theses, by changing the wording of the bracketed description as appropriate.
• If you find the dissertation or thesis in a database or in a repository or archive, follow the published dissertation or thesis reference examples.
NOTE: Theses or dissertations accessible through the CoHE Thesis Center (YÖK Tez Merkezi) online platform are categorized as "unpublished theses". Therefore, those sources should be cited accordingly.
E. ONLINE REFERENCES
E. 1. WEBPAGE ON A NEWS WEBSITE
• Use this format for articles from news websites. Common examples are BBC News, BET News, Bloomberg, CNN, HuffPost, MSNBC, Reuters, Salon, and Vox. These sites do not have associated daily or weekly newspapers.
• Use the newspaper article category for articles from newspaper websites such as The New York Times or The Washington Post.
• Provide the writer as the author.
• Provide the specific date the story was published.
• Provide the title of the news story in italic sentence case.
• List the name of the news website in the source element of the reference.
• End the reference with the URL.
• Use the newspaper article category for articles from newspaper websites such as The New York Times or The Washington Post.
• Provide the writer as the author.
• Provide the specific date the story was published.
• Provide the title of the news story in italic sentence case.
• List the name of the news website in the source element of the reference.
• End the reference with the URL.
E. 2. WEBPAGE ON A WEBSITE WITH A GOVERNMENT AGENCY GROUP AUTHOR
• For a page on a government website without individual authors, use the specific agency responsible for the webpage as the author.
• The names of parent agencies not present in the author element appear in the source element (in the example, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health). This creates concise in-text citations and complete reference list entries.
• Provide as specific a date as possible for the webpage.
• Some online works note when the work was last updated. If this date is clearly attributable to the specific content you are citing rather than the overall website, use the updated date in the reference.
• Do not include a date of last review in a reference because content that has been reviewed has not necessarily been changed. If a date of last review is noted on a work, ignore it for the purposes of the reference.
• Italicize the title of the webpage.
• End the reference with the URL.
• The names of parent agencies not present in the author element appear in the source element (in the example, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health). This creates concise in-text citations and complete reference list entries.
• Provide as specific a date as possible for the webpage.
• Some online works note when the work was last updated. If this date is clearly attributable to the specific content you are citing rather than the overall website, use the updated date in the reference.
• Do not include a date of last review in a reference because content that has been reviewed has not necessarily been changed. If a date of last review is noted on a work, ignore it for the purposes of the reference.
• Italicize the title of the webpage.
• End the reference with the URL.
E. 3. WEBPAGE ON A WEBSITE WITH AN ORGANIZATIONAL GROUP AUTHOR
• For a page from an organization’s website without individual authors, use the name of the organization as the author.
• Provide as specific a date as possible for the webpage.
• Some online works note when the work was last updated. If this date is clearly attributable to the specific content you are citing rather than the overall website, use the updated date in the reference.
• Do not include a date of last review in a reference because content that has been reviewed has not necessarily been changed. If a date of last review is noted on a work, ignore it for the purposes of the reference.
• Italicize the title of the webpage.
• Because the author of the webpage and the site name are the same, omit the site name from the source element to avoid repetition.
• End the reference with the URL.
• Provide as specific a date as possible for the webpage.
• Some online works note when the work was last updated. If this date is clearly attributable to the specific content you are citing rather than the overall website, use the updated date in the reference.
• Do not include a date of last review in a reference because content that has been reviewed has not necessarily been changed. If a date of last review is noted on a work, ignore it for the purposes of the reference.
• Italicize the title of the webpage.
• Because the author of the webpage and the site name are the same, omit the site name from the source element to avoid repetition.
• End the reference with the URL.
E. 4. WEBPAGE ON A WEBSITE WITH AN INDIVIDUAL AUTHOR
• When individual author(s) are credited on the webpage, list them as the author in the reference.
• Provide as specific a date as possible for the webpage.
• Some online works note when the work was last updated. If this date is clearly attributable to the specific content you are citing rather than the overall website, use the updated date in the reference.
• Do not include a date of last review in a reference because content that has been reviewed has not necessarily been changed. If a date of last review is noted on a work, ignore it for the purposes of the reference.
• Italicize the title of the webpage.
• Provide the site name in the source element of the reference.
• End the reference with the URL.
• Provide as specific a date as possible for the webpage.
• Some online works note when the work was last updated. If this date is clearly attributable to the specific content you are citing rather than the overall website, use the updated date in the reference.
• Do not include a date of last review in a reference because content that has been reviewed has not necessarily been changed. If a date of last review is noted on a work, ignore it for the purposes of the reference.
• Italicize the title of the webpage.
• Provide the site name in the source element of the reference.
• End the reference with the URL.
E. 5. WEBPAGE ON A WEBSITE WITH A RETRIEVAL DATE
• When contents of a page are designed to change over time but are not archived, include a retrieval date in the reference.
E. 6. WHOLE WEBSITE REFERENCES
• Do not create references or in-text citations for whole websites. To mention a website in general, and not any particular information on that site, provide the name of the website in the text and include the URL in parentheses. For example, you might mention that you used a website to create a survey: “… We created our survey using Qualtrics (https://www.qualtrics.com).”• If you are writing online, you can link the name of the site directly so that the link has descriptive text: “… We created our survey using Qualtrics.”
• To cite particular information on a website, determine the reference type (e.g., report, webpage) and then follow the appropriate format.
F. DICTIONARY / ONLINE DICTIONARY ENTRY REFERENCES
F. 1. ENTRY IN AN ONLINE DICTIONARY
• Because entries in the APA Dictionary of Psychology and Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary are updated over time and are not archived, include a retrieval date in the reference.
• The author and publisher are the same for the dictionaries in the examples, so the name appears in the author element only to avoid repetition.
• To quote a dictionary definition, view the pages on quotations and how to quote works without page numbers for guidance. Additionally, here is an example:
o Semantics refers to the “study of meanings” (Merriam-Webster, n.d., Definition 1).
• The author and publisher are the same for the dictionaries in the examples, so the name appears in the author element only to avoid repetition.
• To quote a dictionary definition, view the pages on quotations and how to quote works without page numbers for guidance. Additionally, here is an example:
o Semantics refers to the “study of meanings” (Merriam-Webster, n.d., Definition 1).
F. 2. ENTRY IN A PRINT DICTIONARY
• The author and publisher are the same for the dictionaries in the examples, so the name appears in the author element only to avoid repetition.
• Provide any edition information about the dictionary in parentheses without italics after the dictionary title.
• Provide the page number for the entry in parentheses after the title of the dictionary. When both an edition and page number are present, place them in the same set of parentheses, separated with a comma.
• Provide any edition information about the dictionary in parentheses without italics after the dictionary title.
• Provide the page number for the entry in parentheses after the title of the dictionary. When both an edition and page number are present, place them in the same set of parentheses, separated with a comma.
F. 3. WIKIPEDIA ENTRY REFERENCES
• Use this format to cite any wiki page, including pages for Wikipedia entries.
• If you are a student, ask your professor whether Wikipedia is an appropriate source for you to use in your paper. Wikipedia reports information from other sources, making it a secondary source. Many professors prefer that students cite primary sources.
• When citing Wikipedia, cite an archived version of a Wikipedia page so that readers can retrieve the version you used.
• Access the archived version on Wikipedia by selecting “View history” and then the time and date of the version you used.
• If a wiki does not provide permanent links to archived versions of the page, include the URL for the entry and a retrieval date.
• If you are a student, ask your professor whether Wikipedia is an appropriate source for you to use in your paper. Wikipedia reports information from other sources, making it a secondary source. Many professors prefer that students cite primary sources.
• When citing Wikipedia, cite an archived version of a Wikipedia page so that readers can retrieve the version you used.
• Access the archived version on Wikipedia by selecting “View history” and then the time and date of the version you used.
• If a wiki does not provide permanent links to archived versions of the page, include the URL for the entry and a retrieval date.
Ethical Principles and Publication Policy
PUBLICATION ETHICS
The publication procedures employed by the Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty are fundamentally rooted in the equitable generation, advancement, and dissemination of knowledge through rigorous scientific methodologies.
Scientific Research Ethics
Scientific methodologies are employed for data acquisition, analysis, interpretation, and the derivation of findings. Outcomes lacking in scientific rigor cannot be presented as legitimate research results.
During research endeavors, it is imperative to adhere diligently to both national and international conventions and to secure requisite permissions from competent authorities.
The data acquired through scholarly investigations must be employed strictly within the parameters and formats specified by relevant authorities. It is imperative that any data deemed confidential be safeguarded accordingly and not disclosed.
Researchers bear the responsibility to promptly communicate any untoward circumstances stemming from their research endeavors to the pertinent individuals and institutions. Moreover, every researcher possesses the prerogative to abstain from participation in the research should such adverse circumstances manifest.
Peer-reviewed articles represent scholarly endeavors grounded in the rigorous application of scientific methods, thereby fostering objectivity. All stakeholders in the publication process, including publishers, editors, authors, reviewers, and readers, are expected to adhere to ethical principles for the promotion of scientific knowledge. In this regard, the principles of "publication ethics" and "open access" necessitate the unwavering commitment of all parties involved to ethical standards, as articulated in the guidelines and policies established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), such as the "Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and the "COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors."
Should the utilization of fraudulent or fabricated data by the author(s) of a manuscript be identified, the respective institution employing the author(s) will be promptly notified, and the manuscript will be rejected. The prerogative to request the author(s) to provide the original raw data used in the manuscript is retained by both the editorial board members of the journal and the reviewers.
The use of artificial intelligence (AI)
About the use of AI in scientific works, the Journal agrees with COPE’s statement (https://publicationethics.org/cope-position-statements/ai-author) on that manner: “The use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT or Large Language Models in research publications is expanding rapidly. COPE joins organisations, such as WAME and the JAMA Network among others, to state that AI tools cannot be listed as an author of a paper. AI tools cannot meet the requirements for authorship as they cannot take responsibility for the submitted work. As non-legal entities, they cannot assert the presence or absence of conflicts of interest nor manage copyright and license agreements. Authors who use AI tools in the writing of a manuscript, production of images or graphical elements of the paper, or in the collection and analysis of data, must be transparent in disclosing in the Materials and Methods (or similar section) of the paper how the AI tool was used and which tool was used. Authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscript, even those parts produced by an AI tool, and are thus liable for any breach of publication ethics.”
Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty strictly prohibits any section of an article from being authored, either wholly or in part, by Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools.
AI tools may, however, be employed for purposes such as generating images or graphics, enhancing spelling and grammar, and augmenting the overall readability of the article. In such instances, authors are required to provide a clear and comprehensive elucidation regarding the application of AI tools in their work. It is paramount to emphasize that the author(s) bear full responsibility for the authenticity and originality of the content produced.
Ethical Responsibilities of the Publisher
Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, which serves as the publisher of the Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, constitutes a publicly funded educational institution.
Ethical Responsibilities of the Editorial Board
The Editorial Board assumes comprehensive responsibility for overseeing all stages of the articles submitted to the journal. This responsibility necessitates the exercise of independent judgment, guided by considerations of the public welfare rather than personal interests. The association between the Publisher and the Editorial Board is firmly grounded in a policy of autonomy, where the decisions made by the editors remain entirely separate from the influence of the publisher and any other individuals or entities.
The Editorial Board continuously endeavors to enhance and elevate the scholarly quality of the journal.
The Editorial Board is responsible for establishing and implementing the journal's policies pertaining to publication, blind review procedures, evaluation processes, and ethical standards.
The Editorial Board retains the copyright for articles published in the Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty.
The Editorial Board bears the responsibility of safeguarding the intellectual property rights of authors throughout the publication processes and ensuring the prevention of unethical conduct, including plagiarism and inappropriate citation practices.
The Editorial Board determines incentive policies for both authors and referees.
The Editorial Board maintains electronic records of each article.
Ethical Responsibilities of Editors, Co-Editors and Field Editors
Editors diligently strive to provide clear and transparent communication to reviewers, authors, scholars, and readers, adhering to principles of clarity in their responses.
Throughout the publication process, editors are guided by the principles of originality, scholarly contribution, and relevance to both the readership and the broader research community when assessing articles.
In making determinations regarding the publication of articles, editors meticulously evaluate aspects such as originality, scholarly contribution, clarity of expression, content, as well as the validity and reliability of the submitted work.
Editors adhere to the policies of blind peer review and evaluation processes, ensuring the confidentiality of authors' personal information while facilitating impartial evaluations within stipulated timelines.
Editors conscientiously dispatch articles to field editors and reviewers, taking into account their areas of professional expertise, and are committed to ensuring impartial and independent evaluations.
During the evaluation processes, editors rigorously assess the presence of any potential conflicts of interest or collaborations between authors and reviewers.
Editors curate a diverse and extensive pool of reviewers, which is regularly updated to maintain its relevance.
Editors proactively thwart non-scientific behaviors that contravene established academic ethical norms.
Editors oversee the enforcement of journal publication processes in accordance with publishing policies and guidelines, provide stakeholders involved in the publication process with timely updates on policy developments, and develop training programs as needed.
Editors maintain effective and systematic communication with all stakeholders engaged in the publication processes, and they convene regular meetings to facilitate collaboration and coordination.
Editors place a premium on safeguarding the personal data of individuals involved in the assessment of articles, including authors, referees, and readers.
Editors prioritize the protection of human and animal rights within submitted articles, underscoring the necessity of obtaining explicit and documented consent from all participants mentioned in the articles. Articles lacking such ethical committee approval for participants and experimental investigation permits are subject to rejection.
Editors proactively implement measures to mitigate research misconduct. In cases of complaints regarding breaches of professional conduct, they engage in an impartial inquiry, sharing their objective findings on the matter.
Editors facilitate the rectification of errors, discrepancies, or any misleading elements identified in published articles.
Editors are committed to upholding the intellectual property rights of the articles they publish and safeguarding the rights of both the journal and its authors in cases of infringement. They also take precautionary measures to prevent the content of published articles from infringing upon the intellectual property rights of other publications, conducting thorough authenticity and similarity assessments.
Editors welcome and consider constructive critiques of articles published in the journal, affording authors the opportunity to respond to such feedback.
Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers
Articles submitted to the Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty undergo a rigorous double-blind review process. In this process, the identities of both the authors and the reviewers remain concealed from each other. Direct communication between reviewers and authors is not permitted. Article evaluation forms and requests for revisions are conveyed to the authors through the journal's website. Reviewers are obliged to adhere to the following ethical responsibilities within the Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty:
Reviewers are expected to exclusively accept assignments to evaluate articles that align with their specialized expertise and field of knowledge.
Reviewers are required to conduct their evaluations in an impartial and confidential manner, ensuring that considerations such as nationality, gender, religious beliefs, political affiliations, or commercial interests do not compromise the objectivity of their assessments.
In the event that reviewers become aware of any conflicts of interest or collaborative relationships, it is incumbent upon them to promptly notify the editors and decline the task of evaluating the respective article.
Reviewers are expected to approach their evaluations with a constructive disposition, adhering rigorously to academic ethical norms. They should refrain from making disparaging or adversarial personal remarks in their assessments.
Ethical Responsibilities of the Authors
Authors are bound by the following ethical obligations when submitting their work to the Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty:
Authors must refrain from submitting articles that have either already been published elsewhere or are concurrently under consideration by another journal.
Authors are required to submit original research articles to the Journal. Additionally, authors should meticulously reference the sources they utilize in their articles, adhering to ethical principles and proper citation practices.
Individuals who have not made substantive contributions to the content of articles should not be included as authors. Furthermore, any suggested alterations to the authorship order of a published article or the addition of authors should be avoided.
Reviewers have a responsibility to promptly inform the editors of any conflicts of interest or collaborative relationships relevant to the article under evaluation.
During the article evaluation process, authors are expected to furnish the editorial team with necessary information concerning the articles, including raw data and codes, as requested.
Authors are obligated to provide documented evidence of their rights to utilize the data incorporated into their articles, along with the requisite permissions for conducting research or the approval of the involved participants.
Authors should maintain open lines of communication with the editors, promptly providing information, making necessary corrections to the article, or initiating a withdrawal process when they become aware of errors during the evaluation and early publication phases or after the article has been published electronically.
Notification of Ethics Non-Principles Status Editor
In the event of encountering unethical situations within articles, or concerns related to the conduct of editors, reviewers, or authors, or instances where articles do not adhere to the ethical principles stipulated in the Journal, it is incumbent upon individuals to report such matters to iibfdergi@mehmetakif.edu.tr.
PUBLICATION POLICY
Articles submitted to the journal are expected to adhere to prescribed writing guidelines. For further details, please refer to the "WRITING RULES PAGE" on the journal's website.
The articles submitted to the journal must have never been published anywhere and should not have been submitted for publication at the present time.
The primary language of publication is English, and authors bear both scientific and linguistic responsibility for their work featured in the journal.
The journal welcomes submissions not only from academics but also from researchers and practitioners in the field.
Following the initial screening process, which includes content evaluation, plagiarism assessment, and competence verification, submitted articles are subsequently forwarded to a minimum of two expert reviewers. In cases where both review reports yield favorable assessments, the article proceeds to the Editorial Board for a final determination. However, if one of the reports issues a negative evaluation, a third reviewer will be engaged to adjudicate. If deemed necessary, the Editorial Board retains the authority to solicit additional reviewer opinions during the article review stage. Ultimately, the final decision rests with the Editorial Board.
An individual author or group of authors may not submit more than one article for consideration within a single calendar year.
Authors may be required to address revisions in line with feedback provided by the reviewers. It is the responsibility of the author(s) to implement all requested changes before the article can be published.
Authors are not entitled to receive any form of copyright payment for their contributions published in the journal.
Articles may be utilized in accordance with our Open Access Policy and Creative Commons license, with proper attribution to the source.
The viewpoints expressed in the articles and the associated responsibilities lie with the authors.
In instances where research articles receive support from institutions or have evolved from prior works, such information should be prominently indicated on the first page of the article file.
Editorial Processing Charge Policy
Manuscripts undergo a preliminary review process upon submission to the journal. The editorial preview process is conducted by the Editorial Board of the Journal. Articles that don’t have the necessary permissions (e.g. ethics committee approval), receive a negative plagiarism report, and are outside of the scope of the journal will be returned to the author(s).If the article passes the Editorial Board's preliminary evaluation, the author(s) will be required to deposit 3,000 TL / $120 to the Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Revolving Fund (MAKÜ Döner Sermaye) bank account to cover the editorial processing costs of the journal. The peer review process will start only after the payment of the article processing charge.
The Editorial Processing Charge is non-refundable. The Journal will not refund in cases where the article is rejected/not published based on peer reviews or a decision by the Editorial Board. Refund requests based on different interpretations of reviewers’ or editors’ evaluations will not be considered.
Price Policy
Editorial Processing Charge
Manuscripts undergo a preliminary Editorial Preview process upon submission to the journal. The Editorial Preview process is conducted by the Editorial Board of the Journal.
In Editorial Preview phase, the article's compliance and adequacy with the ethical principles, writing rules and scope of the journal are evaluated. In this preliminary review stage, articles that are not found suitable or adequate for the Journal are rejected, and articles deemed suitable and adequate for the Journal proceed to the next stage.
Please do not make any payments without passing the Editorial Preview stage.
If the manuscript passes the Editorial Preview stage, the author(s) must pay the Editorial Processing Fee to initiate the peer-review process. At this point, author(s) are required to deposit 3,000 TL / 120 USD to Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Revolving Fund (MAKÜ Döner Sermaye) bank account to cover the editorial processing costs of the Journal.
The payment should include the Article ID in the description.
The peer-review process will start only after the payment of the article processing charge.
The Editorial Processing Charge is non-refundable. The Journal will not refund in cases where the article is rejected/not published based on peer reviews or a decision by the Editorial Board. Refund requests based on different interpretations of reviewers’ or editors’ evaluations will not be considered.
Please do not forget to add Article ID information in the description of payment. After making the payment, we kindly ask you to send the receipt via e-mail: iibfdergi@mehmetakif.edu.tr
Editorial Processing Charges (EPCs): 3,000.00 TL or 120 USD per article
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The author(s) bear full responsibility for the ideas and arguments presented in their articles. All scientific and legal accountability concerning the language, style, adherence to scientific ethics, and content of the published work rests solely with the author(s). Neither the journal nor the institution(s) affiliated with the author(s) assume any liability in this regard.